Disputed election stirs protests in Honduras

Scan page 3

TEGUCIGALPA—On Jan. 27, Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernández is scheduled to be inaugu­ rated for an unprecedented second term. Elections held Nov. 26 were disputed as both Hernández and challenger Salvador Nasralla claimed victory, and the Organization of American States has called for a new election. Hernández’s government cracked down on unrest in the weeks after the vote, and at least 30 Hondurans were killed and hundreds imprisoned.

Irregularities emerged while the votes were being counted. Nasralla emerged with what was described by experts as an “irreversible” lead, before the com­ puter voting system stopped functioning for several hours. When the system came back on line, Hernán­ dez had gained a slim lead, which he would maintain throughout the counting.

In the days after the changed result, the popular re­ sponse began as a traditional Latin American cacero­ lazo, a noisy but nonviolent demonstration banging pots and pans. They quickly escalated to barricades and seizures of toll booths. A 10-day curfew was en­ forced mostly in pro-Nasralla areas in early Decem­ ber. Militarized police, developed as part of Hernán­ dez’s “mano dura” (iron fist) policy to combat gangs, were turned against the civilian population. There was even a brief period when the police refused to enforce the curfew in several cities.

Protests grew to include burning tires and bar­ ricaded highways, including as much as 80% of the youth in cities despite authorities firing with live ammunition, but flagged as the month wore on. By Dec. 17 Hernández’s government was declared the winner, and plans have moved ahead for a second in­ auguration.

Nasralla’s coalition has remained defiant, and filed numerous appeals to the electoral tribunal, which is controlled by Hernández’s National Party. Not sur­ prisingly, they have all been refused. On Jan. 6, tens of thousands marched and rallied in San Pedro Sula, the country’s second largest city, in conjunction with Nasralla’s call for nationwide mobilizations and a national strike. Former president Manuel Zelaya de­ clared, “Nobody should obey a usurper government.”

No resident of Honduras has ever run for re-elec­ tion. Anyone who has already held executive power is barred by the Constitution from becoming president, and there is a provision that immediately removes any sitting president who suggests changing this rule. This was the pretext for the 2009 coup d’etat that removed Zelaya, who had called for a referen­ dum to hold a constituent assembly, from office. But Hernández was able to pack the Supreme Court with his allies, and in 2015 they overruled this provision and opened the door to his second term.

The 2009 coup was quickly legitimated by the State Department led by Hillary Clinton. Zelaya was viewed as a second Hugo Chávez, and the Obama administra­ tion wanted to clamp down on the anti-neoliberal turn spreading to Central America.

Both the Obama and Trump administrations have courted Hernández as an ally. Honduras has re­ ceived over $114 million in security-related aid from the United States in the past eight years, and Don­ ald Trump’s Chief of Staff John Kelly is a key ally of Hernández. While the recent repression was ongoing, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson certified the coun­ try’s human rights record, allowing military funding to continue, and has endorsed Hernández as the win­ ner of the election. The elite security forces funded and trained by U.S. dollars, the Cobras and TIGRES, are the same units that cracked down on dissent.

Hernández, who positions himself mostly as being tough on crime, weathered mass protests and de­ mands for his resignation in 2015 when it came out that Social Security funds had been misappropriated for his election campaign. His government survived by arresting several top officials for bribery and de­ frauding customs funds. He is the prototype of the new right-wing alliance in Latin America between local landowners and neoliberal financial elites as the “Pink Tide” of social democratic governments has receded. His government has been a student of neo­ liberal capitalism, attacking wages while raising the sales taxes.

The government has been complicit in a string of murders of indigenous and environmental activists. Since the 2009 coup, 123 land or environmental ac­ tivists have been murdered. Most opposed develop­ ment plans that benefit companies owned by rela­ tives of politicians. The most famous victim of this violence was Berta Cáceres, who had won interna­ tional acclaim for her opposition to logging, dams, and other projects that threatened indigenous lands. Cáceres was assassinated in March 2016. Of eight men arrested for her murder, two received military training in the United States at the former School of the Americas.

Nasralla is a television personality known as a sports announcer and game show presenter, who came into politics as the leader of the new Anti-Cor­ ruption Party during the presidency of Porfirio Lobo. He also spent time as the CEO of Pepsi Honduras, making him a curious ally of Zelaya, who was consid­ ered part of the “Pink Tide.” His 2017 candidacy was on the basis of the Alliance of the Opposition against the Dictatorship, known in Spanish as Alianza, which has a constituent assembly as its central demand.

Corruption in today’s Honduras is systemic rather than individual. There is an extensive network link­ ing government, private businesses, and organized crime. Companies with government ties are given inflated contracts and offer proxy shares to the hand­ ful of families who control most private enterprise in Honduras, and money laundering to the criminal gangs. Drug trafficking is extremely lucrative in Hon­ duras, which is the route for most cocaine coming from Latin America to the United States. Such links go to the highest level; Hernández’s brother Tony has been linked to drug cartels.

These networks are, of course, international. The same machinery that allows the capitalist class to hide much of its money in offshore tax havens also allows politicians and criminals to conceal the public funds they appropriate. Hernández has also used the national secrets law in an unprecedented fashion to obscure the money flows. International capitalism, of course, has encouraged this pattern as the post-coup governments declared Honduras “open for business.”

Alianza has no program other than its opposition to cnn.com (Left and above) Salvador Nazralla addresses Jan. 6 protest rally in San Pedro Sula. Ex-president Manuel Zelaya stands behind him.

Hernández. Nasralla’s personal appeal is to a middle class sick of corruption, as the rule of law is so degraded that police run protection rackets indistinguishable from the criminal gangs. The coalition has come to prominence in the politi­ cal vacuum left by the rift in the Liberal Party after the 2009 coup. Zelaya had won as the Liberal candidate in 2005, but when he was overthrown four years later, he was replaced by Roberto Miche­ letti, also of the Liberal Party.

Zelaya’s backing of this thoroughly middle-class candidate was based on the hope of a constituent assembly that would allow many of the inadequacies of the 1980 constitution to be correct­ ed. But there was little chance of this happening under Nasralla, who mostly wanted the idea of the constituyente as a rhetorical weapon. There was no pros­ pect of a new progressive turn from an Alianza government.

The Honduran people showed tremendous resis­ tance against the electoral fraud, and for several days had brought the country to a standstill. It is transpar­ ent that Hernández stole the election; tapes had been received by The Economist before the election with instructions being given to stuff ballot boxes for the president’s re-election. Rather than continuing the insurrectionary protests of December, Alianza vacil­ lated over recount strategies and international sup­ port, and lost the initiative.

Bringing down Hernández’s government will re­ quire a national mobilization and strike. It is impera­ tive for democracy in Honduras to hold new elections without Hernández or the electoral tribunal that abetted his electoral fraud. Such a process would need to address the deep-seated problems in Hondu­ ran society, primary among them the severe inequal­ ity that sees almost 63% of its people living below the poverty line.

The fall of Hernández itself will not improve condi­ tions in Honduras. There is a need to end the worst excesses of capital and guarantee the right of labor to organize. But the underlying issues will not go away without building a new society free of the exploita­ tion of capitalism. Honduras needs a revolutionary socialist party as part of a revolutionary international that fights against capital around the world.

In the United States, socialists have a special obli­ gation to object to the imperialist U.S. government’s role in the current state of Honduras. American dollars go to fund the militarized police there, and American companies profit from the despoiling of the nation. The Obama and Trump administrations have both supported the post-coup governments and whitewashed the decline of democracy in Honduras. No military aid to coup governments! Solidarity with the Honduran people! n SOCIALIST ACTION JANUARY 2018 3

Scan page 4

(Left) Elevated train in Philadelphia.

population remaining in the depleted urban cores are African Americans, transit has often been on the agenda of the Civil Rights movement. The chosen date in February marks the birthday of the late Rosa Parks, who became famous for an act of civil disobedience that launched the well-planned boycott campaign to end racial segregation on Montgomery, Ala., buses in 1955. This pivotal action, initiated by Black trade unionists led by E.D. Nixon, is credited with launch­ ing the revival of the mass Civil Rights Movement in the South—and propelling Dr Martin Luther King into national prominence.

Montgomery led to a Supreme Court ruling that seg­ regating passengers was unconstitutional. Soon after­ ward, most transit agencies voluntarily ended their ban on Black bus drivers, and today transit jobs are among the best employment opportunities for African Americans.

The 1974 Urban Mass Transportation Act stabilized shaky transit systems by providing for the first time billions in federal funding for both capital and operat­ ing expenses. During the 1970-90s, new subway sys­